TPIN is a source of vitamin B₆ in the form of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP). As the most biologically active form of the vitamin, PLP helps to catalyze over 140 reactions.  Vitamin B₆ participates in nearly all metabolic reactions involving amino acids, including their synthesis and breakdown.  Approximately 70-80% of vitamin B₆ is present in muscle, where it acts as a coenzyme for glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme is necessary for glycogenolysis, which breaks down glycogen into glucose and provides fuel to muscle during exercise.  Low levels of vitamin B₆ also lead to increased synovial fluid between joints, which results in nerve compression. Eleuthero root is a thorny shrub native to Siberia and northern parts of China, and its beneficial health effects arise from the high levels of lignans in its roots. TPIN also contains an extract from Ginkgo biloba, an ancient plant traditionally used in Chinese medicine.  Ginkgo contains flavonoids, terpenoids and proanthocyanidins, which are responsible for its positive health effects.